1st Year (ULiège, Belgium)

Mechanics and Ship & Offshore Design

UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE - ANAST (Liege, Belgium)

Lectures (60 credits): Semester 1 (S1) and Semester 2 (S2)

Semester S1 Lectures in MECHANICS (30 Credits)

Mandatory courses – Common core in Mechanics – 20 credits		Credits
S1	Manufacturing process	5
S1	Theory of vibration	5
S1	Materials Selection	5
S1	Principles of Management	5

Elective lectures in “Computational Mechanics” (*) - 10 credits. To be selected within the following courses.		Credits
S1	Finite Element Method()**	5
S1	Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization()**	5
S1	Kinematic and dynamics of mechanisms	5
S1	Advanced solid mechanics	5
S1	Stochastic modelling	5

Ship and Offshore Engineering – EMSHIP - 30 Credits (Semester S2)		Credits
S1 and S2	Integrated Design Project of Ships, Small Crafts and High Speed vessels Including technical visits of Shipyards, dredging companies and major navigation infrastructure.	15
S2	Ship Theory: Statics and Dynamics	5
S2	Ship and Offshore Structures including: Ship Production, Welding,... Planning and logistics Composite Material (Marine applications)	7
S2	Ship Equipment and Propulsion Systems	3

(*) Preferential choices for students of the EMSHIP master are underlined.
(**) Required to students who cannot justify an equivalent lecture(s) in his previous studies. The choice of these 2 elective courses must be approved by the chairman of the Mechanical Section.

PRESENTATION OF UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE (ULiège) and ANAST

Full Description of lectures

Title: Manufacturing process 5 credits

Ref: ULiège: MECA0444 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-1

Prof : MARCHAL Y, Teaching Period: Feb to May

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/MECA0018-2.html

Course contents

This course is devoted to manufacturing processes, with and without chips. It is a necessary complement to design, as any designed machine element has to be produced.
Table of content:
Elementary discussion on steel production. Steel classification, following EURONORM and SAE/AISI. Casting, forging, stamping, wire-drawing, extrusion, sheet metal working. Welding, soldering, oxygen-cutting. Elements of powder metallurgy. Metal cutting. Grinding. Lapping, honing, superfinishing, polishing. Unconventional processes: ultrasonic grinding, chemical engraving, electrochemical machining, electro-discharge machining, electron beam, laser machining, water jet machining, plasma cutting. Cutting theory: Piispanen-Merchant model, cutting temperature. Cutting angles, cutting power, tool wear. Tool materials. Roughness prediction. Chip control. Milling: down and up milling, power evaluation. Grinding: equivalent thickness, power consumption, grinding ratio, roughness prediction.

Learning outcomes of the course

After this course, the student will be able to conceive a pertinent manufacturing process of a mechanical part. He will also be able to conceive mechanical parts which are easy to produce and thus cheap.

Prerequisites :

General mechanics, first bases of strength of materials.

Title: Theory of vibration 5 credits

Ref: ULiège: MECA0029-1 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-1

Prof : Jean-Claude Golinval

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/MECA0029-1.html

Course contents

This course provides a solid background in vibration theory for engineering applications.

Course outline

Introduction and analytical dynamics of discrete systems
Undamped vibrations of n-degree-of-freedom systems
Damped vibrations of n-degree-of-freedom systems
Continuous systems: bars, beams and plates
Approximation of continuous systems by displacement methods; Rayleigh-Ritz and finite element method
Solution methods for the eigenvalue problem
Direct time-integration methods
Introduction to nonlinear dynamics

One project will be assigned to the students. It will give hands-on practice with methods used in structural dynamics (e.g., the finite element method, Newmark's algorithm, component mode synthesis).

Learning outcomes of the course

The objective of the course is to focus on analytical and computational methods for predicting the dynamic response of practical engineering structures. Special attention is devoted to aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering structures.

Prerequisites :

This course requires basic knowledge of fundamental calculus and differential equations. The course also requires a mastery of introductory dynamics and mechanics.

Assessment methods and criteria

The final grade will be based on the project report and a written exam:
1. The project has to be done individually or by group of maximum 2 students. The grade will be based on the results and the quality of the report (scientific and technical content, conciseness, structuring of the written report and clarity of the text). An oral presentation will be organised at the end of the project.
2. The written exam will consist in answering to questions on the theoretical concepts explained during the lectures. No document is allowed for the written exam.
The assessment is based on the weighted geometric average of the project and the written exam.
The final note is calculated as follows: Final note = (Project)^(0.6) * (Theory)^(0.4)
There is no partial exemption in case of failure.

Title: Materials Selection 5 credits

Ref (ULiège): MECA0462-2 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-3

Prof : D.RUFFONI Teaching Period: Sept-Jan

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/MECA0462-2.html

Course contents

Description and use of different types of materials: metals, ceramics, polymers, composites and biological materials. Origin and optimisation of mechanical and physical properties of materials. Selection of the optimal material in function of the required mechanical and/or physical properties. Concept of selection of materials for a typical application (high temperature, optical property,..). Practical cases of materials selection.

Learning outcomes of the course

To choose the best material required by a particular application or for particular properties

Prerequisites :

Physics of materials (as PHYS0904 - at ULiège)

Title: Principles of Management 5 credits

Ref (ULiège): GEST3162-1 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-6

Prof.: Michael Ghilissen, François Pichault, Thierry Pironet, Didier Van Caillie

Teaching Period: Sept-Dec

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/GEST3162-1.html

Course contents

This course introduces the four main dimensions of company management:

Strategy and marketing
Human resources and company organisation
Accounting and financial analysis
Supply chain management"

Learning outcomes of the course

Prerequisites :

None

Title: Finite Element Method 5 credits

Ref (ULiège): MECA0036-2 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-4

Prof : J-Ph Ponthot Teaching Period: Feb-June

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/MECA0036-2.html

Course contents

The goal of this course is to learn develop both theoretical concepts as well as practical use of the method. Starting from the mechanical behavior of simple structures like pin jointed structures; fundamental concepts of the structural analysis are introduced. Subsequently, it is shown how the general elastic equations established in continuum mechanics can be discretized and how it is possible to obtain an approximate solution for these equations.

Learning outcomes of the course

Being able to :

Understand the fundamental theory of the finite elements
Develop skills to model the behavior of elastic structures
Use a commercial finite element software for structural analysis

Prerequisites :

Mechanics of materials.

Title: Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 5 credits

Ref (ULiège): MECA0027-1 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-2

Prof : P.Duysinx Teaching Period: Sept-Jan

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/MECA0027-1.html

Lecture notes : http://www.ingveh.ulg.ac.be/index.php?page=meca0027

Course contents

The primary objective of the course is to present a systematic and critical overview of the various numerical methods available to solve optimization problems.
A second important goal is to familiarize participants with the introduction of optimization concepts into the design process in aerospace or in mechanical engineering. The basic concepts are illustrated throughout the course by solving simple optimization problems. In addition, several examples of application to real-life design problems are offered to demonstrate the high level of efficiency attained in modern numerical optimization methods. Although most examples are taken in the field of structural optimization, using finite element modeling and analysis, the same principles and methods can be easily applied to other design problems arising in various engineering disciplines such as structural engineering, electromagnetics systems or multidisciplinary optimization.

Optimization in Engineering Design
Fundamentals of structural optimization
Introduction to Mathematical Programming
Algorithms for Unconstrained Optimization: Gradient Methods
Line Search Techniques
Algorithms for Unconstrained Optimization: Newton and Quasi-Newton Methods
Quasi-Unconstrained Optimization
Linearly Constrained Minimization
General Constrained Optimization: Dual Methods
General Constrained Optimization: Transformation Methods
From Optimality Criteria (OC) to Sequential Convex Programmming
Structural approximations
CONLIN and MMA
Sensitivity Analysis for Finite Element Model
Introduction to shape optimization
Introduction to topology optimization

Learning outcomes of the course

At the end of the course the participants will be familiar with the fundamental optimization concepts applied to automatic design process. They will be able:

to develop solution schemes to simple engineering optimization problems related to design or parameter identification (including the development of computer program written in MATLAB language),
to choose efficient formulations and optimization algorithms to solve their own problems using commercial tools,
to read, understand and take advantage of scientific papers from the field,
to get started with using an industrial optimization software tool (NX-TOPOL)

Prerequisites :

Bachelor in Engineering, Functional analysis of real functions, Matrix algebra, Matlab programming (basic level)

Title: Dynamics of Mechanical Systems 5 credits

Ref (ULiège): MECA0155-2 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-5

Prof : JC Golinval Teaching Period: Sept – Jan

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/MECA0155-2.html

PDF of lecture : Download

Course contents

The course provides the fundamentals of the dynamics of mechanical systems.
Course outline

Review of Lagrangian and Newtonian dynamics and application to simple mechanical systems.
Single and multiple degrees-of-freedom systems: fundamentals (resonance frequency and mode-shape), response prediction to forced excitations.
Continuous systems and discretisation methods.
Dynamic behavior of rotating machines: critical speeds, balancing methods.

The theoretical concepts will be illustrated through hands-on exercises and vibration experiments performed in the classroom. One project will be assigned during the course semester.

Learning outcomes of the course

The objective is to give to the students a solid background in the modelling and the simulation of the dynamical behavior of mechanical structures. Typical vibration problems encountered in mechanical systems and rotating machines will illustrate the theory.

Prerequisites :

This course requires basic knowledge of fundamental calculus, differential equations and applied mechanics.

Part 2: M1 at ULiège - Naval Architecture

Title: INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT OF SHIPS, SMALL CRAFTS and

HIGH SPEED VESSELS 15 credits

Ref (ULiège): NA (It combines the former APRI0009-1and CNAV0015-2)

EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-7

Prof : A Hage, Ph Rigo Teaching Period: Sept-June

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/cours/APRI0009-1.html

Course contents:

The lecture “INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT OF SHIPS, SMALL CRAFTS and HIGH SPEED VESSELS” includes initiation to Ship Theory, Ship Structure, Ship propulsion and Ship production.

Running an integrated project: Introduction to the role of naval architecture in ship design, definition of the main steps of a project "Ship loop" and the development of the project.

General characteristics: definition of the main dimensions (lengths, surfaces, volumes ...), weight estimates and displacement, definition of coefficients in relation to speed and geometrical characteristics of the hull, adjusting dimensions for good seaworthiness and stability.

Introduction to Ship Theory (Statics):

Ship geometry and hydrostatics: Ship measures (Lpp, …), Form coefficients, Bonjean curves, Methods of integration to define the hydrostatics curves, Center of Gravity (CG) and Principles of transverse stability.

Propulsion: Flow Resistance estimation, dimensioning of the propulsion system (engines, propellers, rudder, gearboxes,..). Resistance estimation, practical rules of dimensioning the propulsion system (engines, propellers, rudder, gearboxes,..). On-board energy: electrical overview and organization of the distribution of energy. Protection against corrosion. Insulation (thermic, fire, acoustic).

Project coherence and final checks.

Ship types and hull forms definition: Displacement, semi-planning and planning hull, multihull, SWATH, SLICE and boats with outriggers. Comparison of pros and cons: resistance, seaworthiness, and performance at sea, maneuverability, and structural resistance. Recommendations for design of multi-hull boats.

Introduction to Ship structures: Description of ship structure (transversal, longitudinal and mixed system), ship types (tankers, LNG, containers, passenger ships, multi-hulls ...). Components of ship structure (longitudinal stiffeners, frames, simple hull, double hull, bow and stern, motor zone, ...). Basic structural solid mechanics (bending moment, shear forces, torsion, ..): primary bending (hull girder), secondary components (frames) and tertiary components (plates, stiffeners,...). Design Criterions.

Use of CAO (2D, 3D) tools and CAE in ship design. Design software for ship design: Maxsurf, Lunais, Shipconstructor, Argos. Digital simulations and calculations: CFD (Fine Marine), EF: SAMCEF. Virtual reality. Virtual business project. Exchange of technical data.

Regulatory approach (classification societies): BV, ABS, Lloyd's, ... Applications complying with the scantling procedures of a classification society. International regulation bodies: IMO, IACS, SOLAS. Classification, monitoring and inspection for maritime and inland navigation vessels. Environment: protection against pollution « MARPOL ».

Design of small crafts and high speed vessels:

Design principle of small boats and fast boats.

Hydrodynamics of semi-planning hulls and planning-hulls: speed coefficients, lift-coefficients,... Definitions of fast boat shapes: developable shape, chine shape, ... Dynamic stability. Types of propulsions: water jet, outboard, Z-drive. Practical design aspects.

Towing tank experiments :

After completion of his ship design, each group of students will prepare a model (scale) of the designed ship (model of about 1.5 - 2 m) and will test it in the towing tank.

Learning outcomes of the course

This course will result in a presentation of a comprehensive (integrated) ship project where all the naval architecture problematic is considered.

Prerequisites:

Students must have a Bachelor degree in Engineering, with a specialty in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, naval architecture, marine or offshore engineering or similar.

Title: SHIP THEORY – STATICS and DYNAMICS 5 credits

Ref (ULiège): CNAV0021-1 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-8

Prof : A Hage Teaching Period: Feb- June

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/CNAV0021-1.html

Course contents:

This course prepares students to master the basic notions about behavior of ship and offshore structures.

The course is mainly composed of lectures with examples and case studies. It first concerns the problems relating to the static and dynamic stability of a floating structures.

Statics: Assessment of the center of gravity (CG), addition/removal/transfer of mass,effect of a suspended mass, principles of transverse stability, heeling moments and free surface effect, elementary principles of trim, the inclining experiment, loading conditions and rules, preparation of the intact stability booklet, and ship partially afloat.

Dynamics: Review of wave theories (regular and irregular waves), Vibrations and Damping, Heaving, Added mass for a Ship, Rolling in Calm Water, Rolling in waves, Powering in a seaway, Effect of design variables on Seakeeping.

A significant part of the course is devoted to manual practical work and computer-based work. Tests on models in a towing tank will also be carried out.

Learning outcomes of the course:

This course is part of the Advanced Master's Degree in Ship and Offshore Structure (EMSHIP - WWW.EMSHIP.EU ). It prepares students to master the basic notions relating to the behaviour of floating and naval structures.

Prerequisites :

Title: SHIP and OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 7 credits

Ref (ULiège): CNAV0014-3 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-9

Prof : P Rigo; L Courard, JD Caprace Teaching Period: Feb-June

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/CNAV0014-3.html

Course contents

This lecture includes several parts and an introduction to ship structure design and analysis is given in the lecture “Integrated design project”.

1) FUNDAMENTALS OF SHIP STRUCTURES

Criterions of dimensioning, Design limit states, Rational approaches (direct calculation) of sizing (scantling) versus rules based approaches, Modern tools for modeling; Structural analysis (FEA); Optimisation, .... An important part of the course includes practical exercises (weekly).

2) ULTIMATE STRENGTH, RELIABILITITY ANALYSYS, FATIGUE, VIBRATION, OPTIMISATION - Description of the various limit states (service, ultimate, accident, ..) of the ship structure (yielding, buckling and tripping of beams, buckling and ultimate strength of plates and stiffened plates, ultimate bending moment of hull girder, fatigue (curves S-N), vibration, collision & grounding, ...). Ultimate strength of hull girder: simplified approach, curvature - bending moment curve and average stress and strain curve of the components (progressive collapse analysis, Smith method), non-linear analysis, fluid-structure interaction .... - Vibrations: theory of vibrations (basic notions); technology aspects: Cause of vibrations in ship structures; Techniques of measurement, control and prevention techniques; practical impact on design. - Structure reliability concepts (loads and strength) in calculation of structures (rule based approaches and direct calculations). - Materials (steel, aluminium, composite materials, sandwich panels, ...). - Introduction to ship structure optimization (least cost, least weight, ...).

3) SHIPYARDS & SHIP PRODUCTION - Shipyard layout (organisation, implantation, functions, shipyard types, etc.) - Planning and logistics - Economical context. - Shipyard production processes. - Main steps of shipbuilding production (sequences, material flows, etc.). - Modular construction (blocks, sections, etc.). - Main workshops in shipyards (machining, cutting, bending, forming, panel line, outfitting, straightening, etc.). - Welding and cutting processes (welding types, welding processes, welds control, weld calculation). - Launching methods (dry dock, slipway, etc.) - Modern tools for production simulation and cost assessment - Concurrent Engineering tools such as Design for Production, Lean manufacturing, Quality Management, etc. - Scheduling notions (Potential and Pert methods)

4) COMPOSITE MATERIALS (Marine application)

The lecture objective is to give relevant knowledge and practical expertise to perform a ship design using composite materials.

Description of mechanical performances of fibers (glass, carbon, Kevlar, bore, silicium...) and resins (Polyester, Epoxy, PUR). Comparison with metallic materials. Advantages of composite materials. Description of composites: isotropic, anisotropic, tubes and reservoirs, sandwich, multilayers, laminated. Models for composite materials. Simplified methods for properties assessment. Manufacturing methods (experimental test in lab – done by students).

- Discussion on the structural responses for isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic materials.

- Structural applications of metallic and non-metallic composite structures in shipbuilding industry.

- Description of elastic behaviour in composite structure.

- Structural failure modes/theories translated to ship structures.

- Application of the Class rules and/or FEM tools for structural design.

Learning outcomes of the course:

The main objective is to give a general overview of the structural problems that must be considered at the conceptual design stage, early design stage and detailed design stage.

The lecture focuses on the first principle design methods and relies on rational approaches. It surveys the various limit states that must be considered for the structural design and scantling assessment.

Concerning Shipyards: The objective is the understanding of production technologies and manufacturing methods for shipbuilding industry in order to integrate production limits at the design stage (Design for production)

Prerequisites :

Good knowledge in structure mechanics.

Typically students must have a Bachelor degree in Engineering, with a specialty in civil engineering, mechanical engineering , aerospace engineering, naval architecture, marine or offshore engineering or similar.

Title: SHIP EQUIPEMENT and PROPULSION SYSTEMS 3 credits

Ref (ULiège): CNAV0022-1 EMSHIP+_M1-ULiège-10

Prof : Hage A., Ph Ngendakumana Teaching Period: Feb-June

Link : https://www.programmes.uliege.be/cocoon/en/cours/CNAV0022-1.html

Course contents

1) Equipment and on-board electricity: On-board electricity: different types of distribution networks, electrical circuit protection, cables. Energy production: calculation of installed power, general characteristics of alternators, engines, dynamos, creating parallel connections. Energy users: classes of user, equipment installed below bridge, equipment installed on the bridge. Electric and turbo-electric diesel propellers. Classification regulations.

2) Propulsion Systems for naval and commercial vessels. Presentation of the different types of Marine Propulsion systems, advantages and disadvantages.

3) Marine diesel engines: Operating and performance parameters. Description of different types of engines. Engine power (ISO 3046). Overheating. Injection and combustion. Engines powered by heavy fuel. Emissions and reduction of pollutants.

Learning outcomes of the course

The main objective is to give a general overview of the definition of the outfitting problem (including the propulsion aspects) that has a large influence at the conceptual design stage.

Prerequisites :

Students must have a Bachelor degree in Engineering, with a specialty in civil engineering, mechanical engineering , aerospace engineering, naval architecture, marine or offshore engineering or similar.

1st Year of the EMSHIP+ Master 120 at ULiège - 60 credits

EMSHIP Programs

Lecture Content